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Criminal Practice

Quiet, careful counsel when liberty is at stake.

We advise and represent individuals and businesses in criminal matters across Pakistan, including bail, FIRs, quashment petitions, trial defence and white-collar inquiries. The advice is confidential and measured, and it starts from protecting the client's rights before anything else.

Adv. Danish Parmar

Legally reviewed by

Adv. Danish Parmar, Advocate High Court

Reviewed

At a glance

Criminal Law

Services covered
9
Jurisdiction
Pakistan
Typically for
Individuals facing an FIR, arrest or trial · Directors and senior executives drawn into white-collar inquiries · Businesses dealing with suspected fraud or theft by staff
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Services in detail

Our Criminal Law services

Each matter is scoped to what you need. You can instruct us on a single item below or on a wider mandate.

1

Pre-Arrest & Post-Arrest Bail

Bail applications before and after arrest in the Sessions Courts and the High Courts.

For someone named in an FIR, or already in custody, bail is the first and most pressing question. We read the FIR and whatever record is available, give a realistic view of whether an application is justified, and prepare it with the material the court will want to see. Families are kept informed, with the client's consent.

What's included

  • Assessing the allegations, the sections applied and the grounds for bail
  • Applications before the Sessions Courts and, where needed, the High Courts
  • Documents showing mala fide, unexplained delay or lack of evidence
  • Advice on bail conditions, sureties and continuing obligations
Discuss this service
3

Quashment Petitions

High Court petitions to quash FIRs and proceedings that are legally unsustainable or an abuse of process.

If an FIR discloses no offence even on its own terms, or is a civil dispute dressed up as a crime, the High Court may quash it. This is an exceptional remedy and courts grant it sparingly. We therefore study the facts carefully first, and file a petition only where the legal grounds are clear and the record supports them.

What's included

  • Testing whether the allegations, taken at face value, make out an offence
  • Identifying parallel civil proceedings and evidence of mala fide
  • Petitions with a short statement of facts and clear legal grounds
  • Interim protection against coercive action while the petition is pending
Discuss this service
4

Trial Defence

Defence at trial, including scrutiny of the prosecution evidence, cross-examination and final arguments.

At trial the prosecution must prove its case, and careful preparation is how its weaknesses come to light. We go through the challan, the statements and any forensic material, plan the defence around the Qanun-e-Shahadat Order 1984, and appear at each hearing. Clients, and family members they choose to include, receive regular and honest updates.

What's included

  • Line-by-line review of the challan, recovery memos and witness statements
  • Applications for acquittal at the appropriate stage where evidence is lacking
  • Cross-examination of prosecution witnesses and investigating officers
  • Defence evidence and final arguments before the trial court
Discuss this service
5

White-Collar & Financial Crime

Advice and defence where fraud, criminal breach of trust, forgery, cheating or misappropriation is alleged.

An allegation of fraud, forgery or criminal breach of trust can damage a person's career and a company's standing in the same week. Directors and businesses facing such allegations need advice that reads the accounts as closely as the law. We review the financial and documentary record in depth and coordinate the defence with any civil or regulatory exposure running alongside.

What's included

  • Analysis of accounts, transaction records and electronic correspondence
  • Advice on preserving documents and handling requests from investigators
  • Defence against charges of misappropriation, forgery and cheating
  • Coordination with civil recovery, employment and regulatory proceedings
Discuss this service
6

FIA & Cybercrime Matters

Representation in FIA inquiries and cases, including those under the Prevention of Electronic Crimes Act 2016.

A notice from the Federal Investigation Agency calls for a measured response, especially where the Prevention of Electronic Crimes Act 2016 is involved. The first thing to establish is whether there is an inquiry or a registered case. We then advise on what the client must and need not do, prepare any written reply, and represent them before the agency and the courts.

What's included

  • Reading FIA notices to establish whether an inquiry or a case exists
  • Written replies and supporting documents for submission
  • Matters involving online content, data and electronic fraud
  • Bail and trial representation before the competent special courts
Discuss this service
7

Private Complaints

Complaints before magistrates and courts where a cognisable offence has not been properly investigated.

Where a genuine offence has gone uninvestigated, a private complaint before a magistrate or the competent court is a lawful alternative to police action. We first check the facts against the ingredients of the offence. Where they fit, we prepare the complaint with evidence and witnesses. If the grievance is really civil, we say so and suggest the better route.

What's included

  • Matching the facts against the ingredients of the alleged offence
  • Complaints with supporting documents and a list of witnesses
  • Preliminary evidence and arguments on summoning the accused
  • Representing the complainant through trial and any appeal
Discuss this service
8

Criminal Appeals & Revisions

Appeals against conviction or acquittal, and revisions against orders passed by criminal courts.

Convictions can be appealed, unjustified acquittals can be challenged, and some interim orders are open to revision. On appeal the work is a fresh reading of the whole trial record, looking for misread evidence and legal error. Sutra Law presents those points concisely and, where a sentence is running, applies for its suspension pending the hearing.

What's included

  • Close scrutiny of the trial judgment, evidence and procedural record
  • Appeals against conviction and applications to suspend sentence
  • Appeals against acquittal on behalf of complainants
  • Revisions against framing of charge and other interim orders
Discuss this service
9

Corporate Internal Investigations

Helping businesses look into suspected staff fraud, secure evidence and decide whether to report to the authorities.

When a company suspects staff fraud, the first few days matter. Decisions about evidence and reporting made then will affect every remedy that follows. We help management run a structured internal inquiry, secure records properly and weigh criminal, civil and employment routes, while keeping the process proportionate, confidential and fair to the people under suspicion.

What's included

  • Scoping the inquiry and securing financial and electronic records
  • Structured interviews and written findings
  • Advice on whether, when and how to report to the authorities
  • Aligning disciplinary action with civil recovery or a criminal complaint
Discuss this service

Overview

Criminal Law in Pakistan

We advise and represent individuals and businesses in criminal matters across Pakistan, including bail, FIRs, quashment petitions, trial defence and white-collar inquiries. The advice is confidential and measured, and it starts from protecting the client's rights before anything else.

Practice group
Disputes
Services
9 areas of work

A criminal case reaches well beyond the courtroom. It can touch a person's liberty, job, family and standing in the community, and a company's banking and business relationships. Clients often contact us before an FIR exists, or on the day a notice arrives. At that point the most useful thing we can do is explain, calmly, how the Code of Criminal Procedure 1898 and the Pakistan Penal Code apply to their situation and what decisions need to be made now.

The work covers pre-arrest and post-arrest bail, advice on the registration and contents of FIRs, petitions to quash proceedings that disclose no offence or abuse the process of the court, trial defence and appeals. We also handle white-collar matters involving fraud, criminal breach of trust and forgery, and inquiries and cases run by the Federal Investigation Agency, including those under the Prevention of Electronic Crimes Act 2016.

We will not help anyone use criminal law as a pressure tactic in what is really a civil dispute, and we tell complainants plainly when a civil remedy is the better course. People with genuine grievances, on the other hand, are entitled to have offences investigated, and we help them pursue private complaints and other lawful routes. Everything a client tells us stays within the team working on the matter.

Individuals facing an FIR, arrest or trial
Directors and senior executives drawn into white-collar inquiries
Businesses dealing with suspected fraud or theft by staff
People who have received notices from the FIA or another investigating agency

When clients come to us

Questions we are often asked to resolve

  1. 1

    An FIR has been lodged against me over what is really a business disagreement. What can I do?

  2. 2

    I believe I may be arrested because of a complaint. Can I apply for pre-arrest bail?

  3. 3

    The FIA has sent me a notice to appear. How should I prepare?

  4. 4

    We think an employee has taken company money. Should we go to the police, or handle it internally first?

  5. 5

    The police will not register my complaint. Is there another lawful route?

  6. 6

    A relative has been convicted. Can the judgment be challenged?

How we help

A considered, practical approach

  1. 01

    Immediate assessment

    We read the FIR, notice or complaint, take the client's account in private, and advise quickly on exposure, rights and what has to happen first.

  2. 02

    Protective measures

    Where the facts justify it, we apply for bail or other protection and advise on how, and whether, to deal with the investigating agency.

  3. 03

    Defence preparation

    The prosecution file, documents and witnesses are examined line by line, and the defence is built on the law and the actual record.

  4. 04

    Representation throughout

    We appear at trial, in quashment and revision proceedings and on appeal, and keep the client and, if they wish, their family informed.

Key considerations

What to weigh before you act

  • 1What a person says to the police or an investigating agency can follow them through the whole case. Take advice before any interview or appearance, not after.
  • 2The superior courts have repeatedly discouraged using criminal proceedings to settle purely civil disputes, a point that cuts both ways for complainants and accused.
  • 3Bail turns on the facts of the case and the nature of the alleged offence. A well-prepared record in support of the application often makes the difference.
  • 4In white-collar cases, accounts, emails and electronic records usually carry the case. They should be preserved exactly as they are, without edits or deletions.
  • 5A company dealing with staff wrongdoing has criminal, civil and employment options. The route chosen first affects evidence, timing and reputation for all the others.

Insights

All insights

FAQ

Criminal Law: common questions

Answers to the questions clients ask most often. Every matter turns on its facts.

Still have a question?

Speak with Sutra Law directly.

1What is pre-arrest bail and when is it available?

Pre-arrest bail is protection a court may grant to someone who reasonably fears arrest in a case. Courts generally look at whether the arrest is being sought for an ulterior purpose, such as harassment or humiliation, as well as at the merits. It is treated as an extraordinary remedy, so the specific facts carry great weight. We assess whether an application is justified before preparing one.

2Can an FIR be quashed?

In suitable cases, yes. The High Court can quash an FIR or proceedings where the allegations, even if accepted, disclose no offence, or where the case is a clear abuse of process. Courts do not grant this routinely and often prefer the matter to run its ordinary course. We look at the FIR and the surrounding facts honestly before advising whether a petition is worth filing.

3How should I respond to an FIA notice?

Take it seriously and speak to a lawyer before you appear or hand over any documents. The notice may relate to an inquiry rather than a registered case, and it is worth knowing which before deciding how to respond. We read the notice, explain what you must and need not do, help assemble documents, and where appropriate accompany you or respond to the agency in writing.

4My dispute is about money. Should I file a criminal complaint?

Usually not. Most unpaid-money disputes are civil, and a legal notice, a recovery suit or negotiation is the proper route. A criminal complaint is justified only where the facts show a genuine offence such as fraud or criminal breach of trust. Pressing a weak criminal case can damage the complainant's own position, and we say so when that risk exists.

5Will what I tell you stay confidential?

Yes. Communications made to us for legal advice are kept strictly confidential, and only the lawyers working on your matter see the file. Criminal matters receive particular care. We also advise on how to communicate during an investigation and how to keep documents safe without creating fresh problems.

This page gives general information about Criminal Law in Pakistan. It is not legal advice. The law and procedures change, and every matter turns on its own facts, so please speak to us about your situation. Reading this page does not create a lawyer–client relationship.

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